Centrifugal pump concept, basic structure, working principle

Centrifugal concept of centrifugal is actually the manifestation of the object inertia.For example, the water droplets on the umbrella, when the umbrella slowly rotates, the water droplets will follow the umbrella rotation, this is because the friction between the umbrella and the water droplets as the centripetal force to the water droplets .But if the umbrella rotates Acceleration, the friction is not enough to make the water droplets in a circular motion, then the water droplets will move away from the umbrella to the outer edge.As with a rope pull the stone to do circular motion, if the speed is too fast, the rope will be broken, stone The block will fly out. This is called Centrifugal.
Centrifugal pump is designed according to this principle.High-speed rotation of the impeller blades to rotate the water, the water thrown, so as to achieve the purpose of delivery.
Centrifugal pump has many kinds.It can be divided into civil and industrial pumps from the use, from the transmission medium can be divided into water pump, impurity pump, corrosion-resistant pump.
Centrifugal pump basic structure The basic structure of the centrifugal pump is composed of six parts, namely: impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearings, seal ring, stuffing box.
1, the impeller is the core part of the centrifugal pump, it is high speed output power, the blades on the impeller play a major role in the impeller assembly before static balance experiment. The inner and outer surfaces of the impeller require smoothness to reduce the frictional loss of water flow.
2, also known as the pump casing, it is the main pump. To support the role of fixed, and with the bearing bracket to connect.
3, the role of the pump shaft is connected by a coupling and motor, the motor torque to the impeller, so it is the main component of mechanical energy transfer.
4, the bearing is set on the pump shaft supporting the pump shaft components, there are two types of rolling bearings and plain bearings. Rolling bearings using butter as a lubricant to the appropriate general size of 2/3 ~ 3/4 Too much heat, too little sound and fever! Sliding bearing centrifugal pump structure is the use of transparent oil as a lubricant, refueling to the oil level line. Too much oil to bleed along the pump shaft and drift *, too little bearing but also overheating and burn accident! In the process of running the pump bearing temperature up to 85 degrees generally run at 60 degrees, if high, we must find out the reason (whether impurities, whether the oil is black, whether the water) and timely treatment!
5, seal ring, also known as leakage ring. The gap between the impeller inlet and the pump casing is too large, causing the water in the high-pressure area of ​​the pump to flow to the low-pressure area through this gap, affecting the output of the pump and reducing the efficiency. The gap is too small will cause the impeller and the pump shell friction wear. In order to increase the backflow resistance to reduce internal leakage, delay the service life of the impeller and the pump housing, the inner edge of the pump housing and the impeller is provided with a sealing ring at the joint of the outer support, and the sealed clearance is maintained at between 0.25 and 1.10mm.
6, stuffing box mainly by the filler, water seal ring, packing tube, packing gland, water seal tube. The purpose of the stuffing box is to close the gap between the pump housing and the pump shaft so that the water inside the pump does not flow outside and the outside air does not enter the pump. Always keep the pump vacuum! When the pump shaft friction with the filler to generate heat will depend on the water seal to live in the water seal ring so that the filler cooling! Maintain the normal operation of the pump. Therefore, during the inspection of the pump running inspection of stuffing box is a special note! Filler needs to be replaced after about 600 hours of operation.
Centrifugal pump works Impeller installed in the pump housing, and fastened to the pump shaft, the pump shaft directly driven by the motor. The pump housing has a liquid suction inlet and suction pipe connection. Liquid enters the pump through the bottom valve and suction tube. The liquid discharge port on the pump housing is connected to the discharge pipe. Before starting the centrifugal pump, the pump housing is filled with liquid being transported; after starting, the impeller is driven by the shaft to rotate at a high speed, and the liquid between the blades must also rotate along with it. Under the action of centrifugal force, liquid is thrown from the center of the impeller to the outer edge and gains energy, leaving the outer edge of the impeller to enter the scroll casing at a high speed. In the volute, the liquid due to the gradual expansion of the slowing down, but also part of the kinetic energy into static pressure, and finally to a higher pressure into the discharge pipe, to the required place. When the liquid flows from the impeller center to the outer edge, a certain vacuum is formed in the center of the impeller. Since the pressure above the liquid level in the sump is greater than the pressure at the inlet of the pump, the liquid is continuously pressed into the impeller. Visible, as long as the impeller constantly rotating, the liquid will be continuously inhaled and discharged.

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