It is the key to increase the output of oil crops and to tap the mechanized short board.

[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Forestry Administration recently released the "National Large Oil Crop Production Development Plan (2016-2020)" (hereinafter referred to as "Planning"). The “Planning” focuses on four major oil crops such as rapeseed, peanut, soybean and camellia. By building core production areas, strengthening scientific and technological support, and improving support policies and measures, we will strive to break through the bottleneck of production and guide local governments to improve oil production and improve comprehensiveness. Production capacity.
The "Plan" proposes that by 2020, the four large oilseed areas of rapeseed, peanut, soybean and camellia seed will strive to reach 400 million mu, with a total output of 59.8 million tons, an increase of 62.42 million mu and 14.4 million tons respectively compared with 2014. Mechanization is a weak link in the production of oil crops. It is also an important path for oil crops to increase production and tap potential. Improving the mechanization level of oil crops is frequently mentioned in the “Planning” and has become a big bright spot.
It is the key to increase the output of oil crops and to tap the mechanized short board.

Mechanized harvesting is a big short board
Affected by many factors, the domestic oil production capacity is growing slowly, the gap between production and demand is expanding, imports are increasing, and external dependence is rising. China has become the world's largest edible vegetable oil and soybean importing country. The self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil is less than 40%. It is necessary to further improve the domestic fuel production capacity, tap the potential for increasing production, and maintain a certain level of self-sufficiency.
The low mechanization level of oil crops severely restricts the production of oilseeds, especially the mechanized harvesting of oilseeds is a short board. The oil harvesting technology has not made breakthroughs. The research and promotion of rapeseed, peanut fine-grained, light-simplified and mechanized production technology lags behind. For example, the transplanting of rapeseed is still mainly artificial, with more labor and high cost, and the mechanized transplanting technology is still in the experimental stage. The harvester generally stays in the stage of imitation and assembly. The core components depend on imports, the mechanical properties are not high, and the operating efficiency, wear rate, service life, safety and comfort are far from the imported machinery, and the functions are relatively simple. Affected by factors such as slow cultivation of suitable varieties, backward mechanical performance and insufficient integration of agronomic machinery, the comprehensive mechanization level of major oil crops is much lower than that of large grain crops. There are many kinds of oil tea in the high mountains and steep areas, there is no professional machinery, and the harvesting cost is high.
In the case of oil production and labor costs, land costs and labor costs have risen rapidly in recent years. In some areas, agricultural labor costs have increased by more than 20% annually. Hunan, Hubei and other provinces have risen to about 100 yuan per person per day. Labor costs account for production costs. The proportion has risen to around 60%. Compared with food crops, the comparative benefits of oil planting continue to be low, and the fluctuations between years are large. In the real world of high labor costs, it is an inevitable choice to improve the mechanization level of oil crops.
Agricultural machinery agronomy integration is an inevitable choice
In order to improve the production capacity of rapeseed, the "Plan" proposes that it will adhere to the connotative development path, strengthen scientific and technological support, strengthen the breakthrough varieties suitable for machine types, and support high-yield cultivation techniques, special agricultural machinery (with) research, and vigorously promote good varieties and good methods. Opportunity to speed up the entire process of mechanization, reduce production costs, tap the potential for increased production, promote the scale of oil production, industrial production and operation, and improve economic efficiency.
The development goal is to increase the comprehensive mechanization rate of major oil crops by more than 5 percentage points by 2020, and the level of mechanized harvesting of rapeseed is significantly improved.
In view of the current main factors restricting oil production, in the future, we will speed up the selection of breakthrough varieties such as early maturity and suitable machine harvesting, supporting high-yield cultivation techniques and advanced applicable agricultural machinery (with) research and development, achieving good breeding of good varieties, integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and improving yields. Level, reduce labor costs; strengthen the construction of core production bases, improve infrastructure and material and equipment conditions, and improve the scale, standardization and mechanization of oil production.
The "Planning" proposes that it is necessary to speed up the cultivation of new varieties of rapeseed that are suitable for mechanized harvesting, such as good yield, uniform maturity, concentrated pods, dense planting, crack resistance, and lodging resistance. Rapeseed focus on the promotion of rational close planting, mechanical harvesting, light cultivation and other technologies; peanuts focus on the promotion of precision seeding, mechanized harvesting, film mulching technology, and improve the level of commercial supply; soybeans focus on narrow-line planting, seed coating and other technologies.
In order to give full play to the important role of agricultural machinery in terms of cost-effectiveness and quality improvement, it is necessary to strengthen the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, accelerate the development of advanced and applicable, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly, economical oil planting and harvesting machinery, and vigorously promote the production of major oil crops. Mechanized throughout. Actively develop agricultural machinery service organizations such as large agricultural machinery enterprises and agricultural machinery cooperatives, establish and improve the socialized service system for agricultural machinery, encourage the implementation of cross-regional deep-slung land preparation and machine-boiling machine collection, and provide specialized and large-scale agricultural machinery services for oil production.

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