The piston ring of the engine do you know how to maintain it
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The piston ring is one of the key parts of the engine, and its work directly affects the performance of the engine. At the same time, the piston ring is also a consumable part. When the piston ring is inspected, it is usually necessary to lift the piston. Therefore, the time to repair or replace the piston ring is often used as the first inspection period of the engine. Related reading: Scientific and reasonable maintenance of the car to help you save unnecessary costs to avoid the ten errors in the car maintenance.
In recent years, due to the development of the engine in the direction of high speed and strengthening, the working conditions of the piston rings have become increasingly demanding, and higher demands have been placed on the wear resistance of the piston rings.
Piston Ring Wear and Influencing Factors
The wear between piston rings and cylinder liners of automotive engines has the following characteristics:
1. The piston ring moves reciprocally between the top and bottom dead center, and the speed changes from a static state to a maximum of about 30m/s. Such a repeated change can be made.
2. During reciprocating motion, the cylinder pressure varies greatly during the intake, compression, work, and exhaust strokes of the work cycle.
3. Because of the influence of the combustion stroke, the movement of the piston ring is often performed at a high temperature, especially the first air ring. Under the chemical effects of high temperature and high pressure and combustion products, the oil film is difficult to establish. It is more difficult to achieve complete lubrication, and it is often in a critical lubrication state.
According to the wear mechanism, piston ring wear can be classified into normal wear, fusion wear, abrasive wear and corrosion wear. However, these wear phenomena do not appear alone, but they exist at the same time and influence each other. According to the wear part, piston ring wear can be divided into sliding surface wear and upper and lower end wear. In general, the wear of the sliding surface is greater than that of the upper and lower surfaces. The sliding surfaces are mainly the melt wear and the abrasive wear; the upper and lower end surfaces are mainly the impact wear caused by the reciprocating motion of the piston.
The maximum wear of the sliding surface of the piston ring often occurs at the top dead center position of the cylinder, because the high temperature gas acts on the piston ring, destroying the oil film and causing easy-to-fuse conditions, thereby accelerating the abrasion of the piston ring. Normally so-called normal wear actually contains slight fretting wear and abrasive wear. The amount of wear on the sliding surfaces of each ring is not the same. The amount of wear on the first ring is the largest, and the amount of wear on the ring is about half of that of the first ring. For example, the piston mounted on a Steyr WD615 engine After the ring has passed the 500h reliability test, the first air ring opening clearance wear is 0.4-0.6mm, the second opening clearance wear is 0.25-0.4mm, and the oil ring opening clearance wear is 0.3-0.55mm. However, sometimes the ring wear is larger than the middle rings because of the distribution of lubricant on the cylinder surface and the influence of adsorption impurities.
The wear on the upper and lower end faces of the piston ring is mainly due to the mechanical residue formed on the upper and lower end surfaces due to the hard residue in the oil and the dust particles mixed in from the atmosphere, and is essentially abrasive wear. However, when the abnormal thermal deformation of the piston occurs and the ring groove backlash becomes small, melt wear may also occur.
There are many factors that affect the wear of the piston ring. Among them, the material and shape of the piston ring, the material and structure of the piston of the cylinder liner, the lubrication state, the structural form of the engine, the operating conditions, the quality of the fuel and the lubricating oil are the main factors. Of course, in the same cylinder, the effect of the lubrication state on the wear of the piston ring is the greatest. The ideal inter-ring lubrication is a uniform film of oil between the two sliding surfaces. However, this situation does not in fact exist, especially An air ring, due to the influence of high temperature, it is difficult to establish a better lubrication state.
Piston ring anti-friction measures
There are many factors that affect the piston ring wear, and these factors are often intertwined.
In addition, the type of the engine and the use of different conditions, the piston ring wear is also very different, and therefore can not rely solely on improving the structure and material of the piston ring to solve the problem, mainly from the following aspects: Piston ring and cylinder liner Materials and good match; surface treatment; structural condition; selection of lubricating oils and additives; deformation of cylinder liners and pistons due to heating during assembly and operation. 