Analysis of Risk Factors in Mining Enterprises and Countermeasures

As we all know, mining is one of the most dangerous industries, and its operating environment is harsh. There are many dangerous factors such as explosion, collapse and landslide, falling from high places, object blows, mechanical and electrical injuries and vehicle injuries. There are objective casualties. There are multiple possibilities, and there are risk factors for group deaths. In accordance with the requirements of safety laws, regulations, national standards or industry standards, the State Administration of Work Safety related control non-coal mining norms, non-coal mines still exist many problems in production safety, security risks have not yet fundamentally eliminate production Security incidents still occur from time to time. The safety production conditions and safety management of mining enterprises have not been improved qualitatively, and the safety production situation is still grim and not optimistic. Specifically reflected in the following aspects:

1. The responsible person of a small number of mining enterprises has a weak awareness of safety production, quick success and instant benefit, heavy production and light safety, and there is a numbness and sorrow, and does not fulfill the responsibility of the company’s responsible person for safe production. Some mining business owners have not been exposed to the mining industry, lacking basic knowledge of mining, and have no knowledge of mine safety production knowledge. Because the mine safety is not known, or the awareness of safety production is not strong, or the safety production management is not in place, or the energy is not used for mine management, it is only entrusted to others to manage, resulting in a relatively lax and even chaotic safety production management.

2. Some mine rock structures are complex, the rock face stability is poor, there are faults, mud layers, cracks in the rock layers, and geological objective conditions increase the possibility of collapse and slope accidents.

3. Violation of safe operating procedures, no step-type, stratified mining methods, ultra-high mining. It is understood that more than one-third of the enterprises' mining height and slope slope do not meet the mining standards, and there are different degrees of super-high mining and excessive slope angles. This problem is one of the biggest accidents of mining enterprises. It is the chief culprit of casualties such as falling, collapsing, and object striking. It is the most important and direct cause of serious and serious accidents. The height of the mining face is up to 80 meters, most of which is 40-60 meters. The maximum angle of the slope is 80 degrees, most of which is above 65 degrees. This should not exceed 20 meters with the standard height and the maximum angle of the slope should not exceed 60 degrees. There are still some gaps in the regulations. There are also a small number of companies in order to reduce costs, increase production, illegal operations, mining in the lower part, and even the use of expansion pot blasting, and some companies did not arrange enough time to completely eliminate pumice , dangerous stones, which also led to collapse and side One of the direct causes of slope casualties.

4. The enterprise's safety education and training for employees is not solid, employees are unstable, and the mobility is large. The employees' safety awareness and safety operation skills are poor. They lack self-prevention awareness and emergency response capabilities. They do not wear labor protection articles according to regulations. If you don't wear safety ropes or seat belts, you don't wear safety helmets in the mining area. Some employees have low education level and are older. There are more employees over 50 years old, and even more than 55 years old, their reaction ability is poor. It is often too late to avoid danger and it is easy to cause casualties.

5. Some mining enterprises are collective enterprises, and their legal representatives are the secretary or village director of the village where they are located. The mining and mining management rights are contracted to others, and the villages are appointed to conduct safety supervision. The village cadres should be responsible for the whole village work. Due to busy work, it is difficult for the village cadres who are corporate legal persons to take time to go to the mine to carry out safety supervision. Even if they are at the mouth of the mouth, they cannot seriously investigate the safety hazards because they do not know how to do it or the time hastily. However, the supervision of the personnel appointed by the village is often insufficient, and the contractors often disobey their supervision, resulting in weak supervision of the safety of the mouth and failure to implement security measures.

Through the above analysis, we can easily see that mining companies are prone to safety production accidents. The following discusses the conditions, causes and preventive measures of the accident.

I. Landslide collapse accident

l. Condition: The integrity of the rock is destroyed and the stress balance is broken.

2. Causes of the accident: (1) improper mining methods, no step-type mining, no top-down stratified mining, and mining behavior; (2) the steps are too high; (3) the slope angle is too large; 4) Stratigraphic mining (with weak interlayers, faults, fissures, etc.); (5) improper treatment of steps (slopes) pumice (loose); (6) inverted steps (angle) mining, heavy rain erosion; (7) improper treatment measures , violating the operating procedures; (8) did not strictly attach importance to safety management; (9) inspection is not comprehensive, negligent; (10) chaotic mining, no formal design.

3. Precautionary measures: (1) Select a reasonable mining method, that is, step-type stratified mining; strictly follow the top-down mining, strictly prohibit mining, and prohibit the expansion of the blasting; (2) the height and width of the steps are strictly controlled in safety. Within the allowable range, the stratification height shall not exceed 6m when implementing shallow blasting, and the stratification height shall not exceed 20m when the medium deep hole blasting is performed, and the height of the stratified platform shall not be less than 4m; (3) the slope angle of the step and the final mining edge The slope angle is strictly controlled within the safety allowable range, and the final mining slope angle shall not exceed 60 degrees.

Second, the height falls accident

l. Conditions: (1) Falling at a height of more than two meters; (2) The lower part of the working surface is a hard (ground) rock mass.

2. Causes of the accident: (1) There is no guardrail at the work site, carelessness, and lack of concentration; (2) no warning signs; (3) play during work; (4) stepping on the air or supporting objects collapse; (5) not tied Safety rope (belt); (6) Safety rope (belt) is unqualified; (7) Violation of "ten does not climb"; (8) Violation of rules, illegal operation, violation of labor discipline; (9) Emotional ups and downs, attention at work Unconcentrated or sick, uncomfortable or prolonged fatigue. 3. Precautionary measures: (1) The ascending operators must strictly implement the “ten not climb”; (2) the climbers must wear safety helmets, hang up safety belts (ropes), wear non-slip shoes and tight overalls; 3) The high-altitude operation platform of the ground facilities should have “there must be a fence on the side” and set warning signs to prevent falling; (4) Platforms, railings, retaining walls, warning signs and safety belts (ropes) should be checked regularly. Make sure that it is in good condition; (5) Do the work that can be done on the ground, try not to get high places to do it, that is, "high-level work is done on the ground"; (6) put an end to "three violations." (7) There must be special guardianship at the height of the work site.

Third, mechanical injury accidents

Especially for quarrying and rolling stone processing, there are crushing equipment and conveying equipment.

1. Occurrence conditions: equipment failure, human touch.

2. Causes of the accident: (1) The equipment lacks safety protection devices, and its structure and strength are unreasonable; (2) improper installation and maintenance, resulting in poor safety performance of the equipment; (3) poor workplace environment, such as narrow space, lighting Poor, unreasonable equipment layout, etc.; (4) equipment lacks necessary maintenance, long-term "sick operation"; (5) when operating, inspecting, and repairing equipment, do not pay attention to the body being touched, cut, stamped, etc.; ) clothing and hair strands are twisted into rotating equipment; (7) rotating, reciprocating, sliding objects hit the human body; (8) protruding mechanical parts, blanks and sharp edges of tool equipment; (9) violation of safe operating procedures; 10) Not wearing appropriate protective equipment; (11) Inattention during work; (12) Operation in violation of regulations; (13) Operation with illness or fatigue.

3. Precautionary measures: (1) Strengthen safety management, establish and improve safety operation procedures, and strictly implement them. Train the operation procedures, wear labor protection articles according to regulations, and close and hang the areas where equipment is dangerous during operation. Warning signs, no access to personnel; (2) The equipment itself should have good safety performance and necessary safety protection devices, and ensure that the device can function normally; (3) to do a good job in the installation and maintenance of the equipment, to keep it Good safety performance, especially for mobile mining machines and transportation equipment; (4) To create the necessary environmental conditions for the installation and use of equipment. If the space is not too narrow, there is good lighting, etc.; (5) Pay attention to the safety work during equipment maintenance. Before the inspection, the power supply must be cut off and the mark being repaired should be placed; when working inside or under the machine, there should be prevention of the machine. The measures of rotation must be carefully checked before the inspection, and the maintenance records must be made; (6) When loading the rock, the bucket is strictly prohibited from over the cab and the unloading is high; (7) When the equipment is overhauled Someone needs on-site supervision.

Fourth, the object hits the accident

1. Occurrence conditions: lack of personal labor protection, enter the place where objects exist to strike danger.

2. Causes of the accident: (1) The risk on the slope is not complete; (2) The person stays at the bottom of the slope and rests; (3) Violation of the operating procedures, the operation is not in accordance with the top-down requirements: (4) On the slope The surface of the surface and the bottom of the slope were not carefully checked before the operation; (5) the vertical overlap operation; (6) the stone was dropped when the vehicle was loaded; (7) the helmet was not worn as required, and the quality of the helmet did not meet the requirements.

3. Precautionary measures: (1) The risk management must be thorough; (2) strictly operate according to the safety operation rules; (3) Anyone is allowed to stay and rest at the bottom of the slope; (4) Check the slope condition carefully before the operation; (5) Vertically overlap the work vertically; (6) All personnel entering the cornice must wear helmets as required, and the quality of the helmet must meet the requirements.

5. Vehicle traffic accidents

l. Conditions: Vehicle crash (person, equipment), fall, rollover.

2, the cause of the accident: (1) the speed is too fast, overspeed, overload; (2) poor road conditions, such as defects, obstacles, snow and ice; (3) improper design of road slope and turning radius; (4) vehicle failure (5) the driver violates the rules and exercises the rear-end; (6) the driver's energy is not concentrated (such as smoking, talking, the cab temperature is too high, too low, etc.); (7) drunk driving; 8) fatigue driving; (9) poor driver's mood, passion driving; (10) unlicensed driving; (11) driver driving with sickness.

3. Precautionary measures: (1) Add traffic signs (especially speed limit driving, steep slopes, road signs); (2) Keep road conditions in good condition; slope and turning radius should be within the allowable range of specifications; (3) Drivers are not in violation of regulations Exercise; (4) Strengthen the education and management of the driver (such as not smoking, no talking, no fatigue driving, no driving after drinking, driving without passion, driving without sickness, paying attention to observation while driving, paying attention (5) The cab is equipped with air conditioning; (6) The motor vehicle must detect the board before it can be on the road: (7) the vehicle is running without fault, keeping the condition in good condition; (8) not overspeeding, overloading, rear-end driving; Regular annual inspection; (9) The driver must obey the management of the mining area. He must wear a safety helmet when entering the mouth. No special circumstances, the driver should not leave the cab, do not chat with others, and the vehicle must enter the mouth in an orderly manner.

Silica Insulations

Silica Insulations,Aerogel Silica,Silica Insulation,Silica Fiber Insulation

Henan Minmetals East New Materials CO. LTD. , https://www.minmetals-easts.com