Application of medium and deep hole segmental stage filling mining in Daliang Mining

0 Preface

East Mining Co., Ltd. will beam Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province East County Bridge area within the lead zinc town, in August 2010, due to restructuring and discontinued. Due to the dam failure of the original tailings pond and the limited capacity of the ore dressing equipment, the company could not produce normally. After the company was restructured, the design institute entrusted the design institute to conduct feasibility study and preliminary design of the mining, selection and expansion project, and determined the mine production capacity by 660,000. t/a, the processing capacity of the field is 2000t/d, the development system is the development of the Pingyu-slip well, the western ore body adopts the sub-column sublevel caving method, and the eastern ore body is extracted by the upward approach cementation filling method. At the same time, a complete set of surface full-grain crushed cement filling system was designed, with a system filling capacity of 60-80 m3/h.
1 mining conditions
The Huidong Daliang Mining Mine is located at the east side of the middle section of the Sichuan-Yunnan Oblique in the western margin of the Yangtze River, and the intersection of the southwest corner of the Liangshan fault belt and the northwestern edge of Dongchuantai Arch. The controlling factors of water filling in the mining area are mainly atmospheric precipitation in the rainy season (June to October). The current minimum mining elevation is 1884m. The ore body and mining system are located above the erosion surface of the bridge and the natural excretion conditions are good. The hydrogeological conditions are relatively simple, and the dolomite dissolution fissure water directly fills the deposit. The deposit is a hydrothermal filling and metamorphic deposit controlled by fracture in carbonate rock. The ore body is mainly distributed in the original “mantle” between F5 and F15. The structural fracture zone develops and the stability of surrounding rock is controlled by the fault zone. The surrounding rock of the ore body is strongly broken, its stability is very poor, and it is prone to mine engineering geological problems. The lower part of the ore body is mainly composed of bulky dolomite with good stability. Therefore, the engineering geology of the deposit is a soluble salt rock, which is a complex type.
The high-grade ore in the mining area is mainly concentrated in the No.1, III and IV ore sections of No. 1 ore body, controlled by secondary fault blocks composed of F25 and F8, F8 and F9, F9 and F6(s), containing ore rocks. The sex is dolomite and black broken belt.
“Black Broken Belt” (abbreviated as “black broken mine”) is a special geological body existing in the Huidong lead-zinc mining area. It has deep color (grey-grey black), wide distribution, deep extension, and rock fragmentation. It is also closely related to the deposit and is one of the important geological bodies in the area. According to the different components of the broken material, the "black break" can be divided into two types, one is the "black break" (called R1) composed mainly of the Sinian system (Zbd) dolomite breccia or fragments. The other is a "black break" (called R2) composed of black-gray calcareous fine sandstone , siltstone and calcareous shale breccia or fragments of the Cambrian group of the Cambrian. The former is the main ore-controlling and ore-bearing structure of the No. 1 ore body of Huidong Lead-Zinc Mine. R1 "black break" is distributed between 2 and 15 lines, the overall trend is 30 ° ~ 50 °, the tendency is 300 ° ~ 320 °, the inclination angle is 85 ° ~ 90 °, the length is 100 ~ 170 m, the width is 30 ~ 120 m, the control depth is 326 m . The in-band rock is dark gray-grey black, and the composition of the crushed material is mainly the dolomite breccia of the Sinian Upper Dengying Formation (Zbd), and occasionally the fine sandstone and page of the Cambrian subordinate Qiongzhusi Formation (∈1q). Rock breccia and partially loose charcoal. The breccia has sharp edges and corners - sub-angular shape, some of which are in the secondary or rolling garden. The size is mixed and the distribution is irregular. The gray, black and gray-white and gray are different in size, ranging from 1cm×3cm to 1m×2m. A few are rock blocks larger than 2m in diameter. The charcoal material is filled between the breccia, and the degree of unbonded or cemented is extremely low, loosely broken, easily collapsed, and the water is easily disintegrated and expanded.

2 medium and deep hole segmentation stage filling mining method

Since the number of 1 ore â…¡, â…¢, â…£ higher grade ore ore block number, the difference between the stability of ore, water easily collapse disintegration expansion, in order to maximize recovery of the metal, improve overall economic efficiency, the choice of expansion upon The upper approach fills the mining method. The mining method effectively solves the problem that black ore is difficult to recover due to loose fracture. However, there is a disadvantage that the production capacity is low and the labor intensity of the filling operation is high. In the dry season, it is found that due to the lack of recharge water and the depletion of underground water, the strength of black ore is higher than that during the rainy season. In order to improve the mining capacity in the dry season and reduce the labor intensity of filling operations, based on this mining method. A medium-deep hole segmentation stage filling mining method is proposed (see Figure 1).

2.1 Stope structure parameters and ore block layout
The height of the stope stage is 60m and the section height is 12m. The first mining stratified and intermediate stratified mining houses are arranged in a lengthwise direction with a length of 50 m. The width is determined to be 6-10 m depending on the stability of the ore rock and the width of the inter-column is 10 m. The top layer of the nuggets is vertically oriented, and the length is the thickness of the ore body, and the width is 3 to 4 m.
2.2 mining cutting engineering
The mining and cutting projects mainly include extra-pulse auxiliary ramps, sectioned lower-disc transport roadways, rock drilling roadways (mining roads), ore and waste rock chutes, return air wells (and filling pipeline wells), filling contact roadways, cutting Patio.
Extra-pulse auxiliary ramp: It is arranged in the lower part of the ore body. It is mainly used for personnel transportation, transportation of materials and equipment, and walking of trackless equipment. The section size is 3.0m×2.7m, the turning radius is 12m, and the slope is 12%~16. 5%; sectioned under-carriage roadway: arranged in the lower part of the ore body, mainly used for ore transportation, personnel and trackless equipment walking, section size 3.0m × 2.7m; rock drilling roadway (mining approach) : It is arranged in the center of the mine in the direction of the mine, and is used for chiseling to the vertical fan-shaped hole and as a passage for mining. The section size is 3.0m×2.7m; the chute is arranged in the inter-column, and the lower middle section of the joint passes through the vein. Transportation roadway, used for derailing of ore and waste rock, section size 2.0m×2.0m; return air well (also filling pipeline well): generally arranged in the inter-column, connecting the lower middle section of the tunnel through the vein for mining The field return air and the filling pipeline and the drainage pipeline are lowered. The section specification is 2.0m×2.0m. The cutting patio provides compensation space for the formation of the cutting trough. The section size is 3.0m×2.0m; the upper middle section returns to the wind. Contact the roadway: not separately designed, using the upper middle section of the pulse, the extra-vehicle lanes.
2.3 mining process
(1) The order of recovery. At present, there are three middle sections of the mining area that use filling mining at the same time, and the mining in the middle section is upward. In the segment, the location with the largest thickness of the ore is selected to make the cutting alley, and the mining sequence in the segment is retracted from the cutting groove to the both ends. The mining sections of each section are divided into the first-stage mining house and the second-stage mining house. When mining, the first-stage mining house is firstly filled and filled. After the strength of the filling body meets the design requirements, the second-stage mining house is returned and filled.
(2) Rock drilling and blasting. The YGZ-90 rock drill was used to cut the vertical fan-shaped medium-deep hole, and the powder modified ammonium explosive was charged using the BQF-100 type charger. After the formation of the cutting groove, due to the small compensation space, the first 2 to 3 rows are detonated, and the blasting is performed again after the completion of the mining. The number of detonation rows can be determined according to the compensation space until the blasting of the entire mine is completed. Filling. In order to minimize the impact of blasting vibration on surrounding rock and surface structures, millisecond millisecond blasting is used to effectively reduce the single-shot dose.
(3) Mining. Due to the large exposed area of ​​the stope and the poor stability of the rock, the mine uses the XYWJD-2 electric shovel and the XYWJY-2 remote internal combustion shovel to mine. For the rock in the rock drilling roadway and the mine near the rock drilling roadway, the electric shovel is used. Mining, remote-controlled scraper is used for a large number of mining in the mine. After the scraper transports the ore out of the mine, it is poured into the ore chute through the ore-mining road-through-passage roadway. Finally, the vibrating and concentrating machine in the middle section of the tunnel is loaded into the mine car and transported to the main chute.
(4) Ventilation and support. The stope uses the centralized ventilation system of the mine. The fresh air flow enters the stopway through the ramp road through the transport roadway. The dirty wind passes through the ventilation shaft to the upper middle section ventilation communication roadway to the return air well and then to the surface. According to the service life of the roadway, cast concrete, anchor bolts, anchor nets and shotcrete can be used for individual support or joint support.
(5) Treatment of the peach core pillar. When the YGZ-90 rock drill is used to chisel the vertical fan-shaped middle hole, the movement height is 1.2m, and the minimum depth of the medium-deep hole that can be drilled is 3°, so there will be a peach core in the mine room, in order to Recycling this pillar, the current method is to use the YT-28 gas-leg rock drill to fill the blasthole after the construction of the medium-deep hole, and the blasting together with the medium-deep hole to start the explosion.
2.4 filling
Due to the large exposed area of ​​the mine and the instability of the ore, the filling is organized immediately after the completion of the collapse of the single mine. Due to the high height of the mine, the filling needs to be carried out in several stages. The filling height is 1.5-2.0 m each time. After the initial filling is higher than the retaining wall, the filling can be completed at one time. In order to ensure the safety of mining, the first layer mining is required to be filled with steel bars, and the filling ratio should be increased. The final solidification strength of the filling body must be greater than 5 MPa, and the final solidification strength of other layered filling bodies must be greater than 1.5 MPa.
2.5 Main technical and economic indicators
The medium-deep hole segmentation stage filling mining method combines the empty field method and the filling method. The economic benefits are better when recovering such ore. The main technical and economic indicators are shown in Table 1.

3 conclusions
The medium-deep hole segmentation stage filling mining method is proposed on the basis of the upward approach filling mining method. Through the practice of the mining method in Daliang Mining for nearly one year, it not only combines the low-cost and high-efficiency mining of the medium-deep hole. The advantages of filling the treated goaf avoid the shortcomings of the medium-deep hole caving mining loss depletion rate and the low efficiency and high labor intensity of the upward approach filling mining, and due to the substantial increase in production capacity, it can be in the dry season. A large number of mines are mined and filled. From the analysis of the amount of cutting and technical and economic indicators, the mining method has good indicators, the reduction of the filling retaining wall and the frequency of filling and replacing the pipeline are greatly reduced, which effectively reduces the filling labor intensity and filling cost. The successful application of this mining method in Daliang Mining can provide experience for mining with similar deposits and has certain application prospects.
references:
[1] Xie Yongsheng. Research and application of segmental empty field post-filling mining method in Duda lead-zinc mine in Pakistan [J]. Nonferrous Metal Engineering, 2012.
[2] Li Anping, Liu Yangshu, Huangfu Fengcheng, et al. Research and practice of post-filling method for pre-control top-segment empty field of broken surrounding rock ore body [J]. Mining Research and Development, 2014, 34 (01): 1-3, 15.
[3] Ma Chunhua. Exploring and practicing the combination of empty field and post-filling and filling mining method to recover the broken ore body on the upper plate [J]. Mining and Metallurgy, 2014.
[4] Peng Fujun. Eligible layered mine mining method to improve the filling level of each Qi copper [J]. Non-ferrous metals, 2012.
[5] Yang Wei, Gong Xinhua. Research on mining method of sub-cavity filling method under riverbed under ore body [J]. Mining Research and Development, 2015, 35(12): 5-9.
[6] Jie Shijun. Underground mining of metal deposits [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2008.
[7] Editorial Department of Mining Design Handbook. Mining Design Manual (mineral mining volume) [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1987.
[8] Goodman, Li Xibing. Modern metal deposit mining science and technology [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2006.
[9] Liu can Ren. Filling the theoretical basis [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1982.
[10] Song Jiadong, Zhou Li, Ou Renze, et al. The application of the upper layered wall bag filling mining method in Daliang Mining [J]. Mining Research and Development, 2015, 35 (05): 1-4.
[11] Zhang Haibo. Research and application of reasonable structural parameters of filling and retaining wall in filling mining method [J]. Chemical Minerals and Processing, 2014.
[12] Li Zhanjin. Experimental study on unloading mining method for upward loading of unstable ore rock [J]. Metal mine, 2014.