How Japan, the New Three Kingdoms, Recycle Construction Waste Efficiently
Construction waste is the product of social development, but also plagued the healthy development of society. In China, a rapidly developing developing country, there is a huge amount of construction waste generated. Although we have started looking for ways to solve the construction waste and made good progress, we need to further promote the recycling of construction waste to make it more efficient. In the area of ​​disposal and reuse of construction waste, Germany in Europe, Japan and Singapore in Asia are at the forefront. In Germany, people's awareness of rubbish is as follows: once used properly, rubbish is also a resource; in Japan, there are more than 20 categories of "by-products under construction", which are handled scientifically according to categories; while Singapore pays attention to formulating green building standards, From the source to reduce the generation of construction waste. Changes in Germany's "Garbage Hill" Reflected Garbage Treatment Thinking Change Hamburg, the Elbe has an artificial mountain, among the trees, the white wind blades slowly turning. Who could have imagined that a few decades ago this was the yard where the World War II bombing of construction rubble was made and then used to accumulate industrial waste and municipal waste. From the 80s of last century, the government covered the garbage mountain with a plastic water-repellent film and covered the 3-m-thick soil layer to grow vegetation. The biogas produced by the rubbish is collected and converted into a portion of the electricity source from a nearby copper smelter. In 2011, 8,000 square meters of photovoltaic power generation system was installed on the rubbish hill, and a more powerful wind turbine replaced the old one. The electricity generated by both can meet the annual needs of 4,000 families. The waste heat generated by waste is also collected to heat the office. In addition, a 1000-meter-long promenade was built on the top of the hill, becoming the newest place for people to enjoy the panoramic view of Hamburg. Garbage Hill becomes Hamburg's Energy Hill, the public's landscape park. The past and present of Hamburg's garbage mountain reflects the shift in German thinking about waste disposal. Major German cities suffered massive allied bombing in World War II, with construction damage rates of over 80% in Berlin and Dresden, for example. Reconstruction requires a lot of building materials, but Germany is overwhelmed and unable to produce. In such circumstances, most construction wastes are recycled and reused, except for the few rubble that can not be disposed of. Reconstruction experience cultivate Germany's re-understanding of garbage, that is, once used properly, garbage is also a resource. According to German law, every responsible person in the construction waste production chain needs to contribute to reducing waste and recycling. Building materials manufacturers must design their products more environmentally friendly and facilitate recycling. For example, the production of different lengths of plate, to avoid future re-cut. Building contractors (including engineers, architects) must incorporate waste recycling into their building plans. Such as the use of recyclable building materials. Housing demolition contractors responsible for the most critical. The law requires that their demolition must be conducive to the recycling of construction waste. In the face of fierce market competition, landlords often get contracts from owners with low or even zero prices. Then they profit by breaking down, recycling and selling construction waste. Such policy arrangements force construction contractors and demolition operators to minimize the pollution of construction materials as this will not only lead to a reduction in their revenue but will also need to pay for landfills or incineration in the future. At present, Germany is one of the best countries in the construction waste recycling, recycling rate reached 87%. Japan also handles different types of "by-products" laws differently Japan has as many as 20 subdivisions of "by-products of construction" and laws that apply to different types of by-products. Such as weeds and other general garbage disposal, timber, construction sludge and other construction waste treatment, metal and other industrial waste treatment, asbestos, fluorescent lamps and other toxic and hazardous substances according to special management of industrial waste disposal, construction waste is not classified as rubbish . Reduce the generation of garbage at the construction site and reuse as much as possible is the main principle of Japan's handling of construction waste. According to the Outline for Promoting Proper Treatment of By-Products, the contractors and constructors of construction projects are obliged to reduce the production of by-products during the construction process, and building materials suppliers and building designers are obliged to produce and use recycled building materials . The reusable construction byproducts should be reused as far as possible. The byproducts that can not be reused should be recycled as much as possible. The byproducts that can not be reused should be recovered by combustion as much as possible. Japan's construction waste production, classification, handling strict process management. The construction team shall submit to the headquarters of the construction company detailed plans for estimating the waste, classification, reuse and final disposal of the project and keeping the result report for 5 years. If an enterprise produced more than 1,000 tons of industrial waste in the previous year, it must submit a plan to reduce waste to the local prefectures and counties by June 30 of that year. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, as of the end of 2012, Japan's recycling of construction waste reached 96%, of which concrete recycling rate was as high as 99.3%. The limited land available in Singapore has forced the government to increase recycling rates According to the Singapore National Environment Bureau, the total amount of construction waste generated in the country for the whole of 2014 was 1,269,700 tons, of which 1.26 million tons were recovered and recovered, with a recovery rate of 99%. For construction waste recycling plants, the Singapore Environment Agency also supports land leases, which recover 80% to 90% of the total construction waste in Singapore. In order to maximize the recovery of construction waste, the government of Singapore has also introduced a Code of Construction Dismantling, a set of procedural guidelines that helps building demolition contractors to better plan dismantling procedures. Singapore focuses on reducing waste at its source. Relevant government measures include green and elegant builders' schemes and green building logo schemes. The former is a certification program launched in 2009 that rates construction practitioners from a number of areas including employee management, dust and noise control, and public safety. The latter started in 2005. The certification specifically targets buildings in the tropics and aims to assess the negative impact of buildings on the environment and reward their sustainability performance. The assessment indicators include energy saving, water conservation, environmental protection, indoor environmental quality and Five other aspects of green features and innovation. 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