Research and application status of iron ore flotation reagent
Our country is an iron ore producing countries in recent years, iron ore production reached more than ten billion tons a year, and continues to grow. Due to the low average grade of domestic iron ore, less than half of the iron ore grade in Brazil, Australia and other countries, and the grade has been decreasing, so the iron ore concentrate production cost is relatively high [1], iron ore import dependence high. Although good imported iron ore source, quality and stability, but also the amount of harmful elements large price volatility, sulfur, phosphorus, lead, etc. Higher disadvantages [2]. In order to provide a good development environment for China's steel industry, it is necessary to accelerate the research of domestic iron ore beneficiation technology , especially to strengthen the research and development of complex and difficult to choose iron ore beneficiation technology to reduce costs. Not only can improve the comprehensive utilization rate of iron ore in China, but also have great significance for the construction of China's iron ore resource support capacity [3]. China's iron ore inlays are fine-grained and must be finely ground to achieve monomer dissociation, which is good for sorting. Flotation is a commonly used mineral processing method for the treatment of fine-grained iron ore in China. Positive flotation is the main method of iron ore beneficiation before the application of strong magnetic separation technology to industrial production. The advantage of positive flotation is that the process is relatively simple, the sources of the drugs used are wide and the price is low; the disadvantage is that when a plurality of iron minerals are symbiotic, the difference in floatability has a great influence on the quality of the products, and various gangues, native and ores in the ore. The secondary slime not only increases the amount of flotation reagent, but also makes the flotation concentrate difficult to filter and dewater, which seriously affects the flotation technical index [4-5]. Ge Yingyong et al. used a chelating collector RN-665 with good selectivity and good recovery to carry out a crude 3 fine 1 sweep and a neutral mine return closed loop flotation test, and finally obtained an iron concentrate grade of 64.02%. The recovery rate is a good indicator of 76.23% [6-7]. The industrial application of strong magnetic separation technology in iron ore beneficiation in the 1970s greatly promoted the advancement of reverse flotation technology [8-9]. The anion collector iron ore reverse flotation is mainly used for the selection of quartz gangue minerals. The calcium is used to activate the quartz, and then the fatty acid collector is used to float the gangue mineral quartz. The product in the flotation tank is iron fine. mine. The inhibitor is sulfonated lignin, starch or dextrin. The adjusting agent can be used alone or mixed with sodium carbonate to adjust the pH of the slurry to above 11 and the activator used in the field is mostly calcium oxide. The method of cationic collector reverse flotation of iron ore is a direct anti-British pumice, collector usually used ether amine or fatty amines such collectors. When the pulp pH is between 8 and 9, the flotation effect is the best. The method has simple chemical system and simple operation, and is better combined with the magnetic re-election process, and is mainly suitable for flotation of iron ore with higher grade and complex composition [10]. In the early 1980s, the cationic collector iron ore reverse flotation was successfully put into production after industrial transformation at Angang Sintering Plant, which increased the iron concentrate grade from 61.5% to 65.5% [11]. In recent years, with the development of new types of flotation process and the development of efficient flotation reagents [12-13], flotation can not only deal with micro-fine iron ore and iron ore and the ultra poor were associated multi-metal mine The selection also has a certain effect. 1 collector 1.1 cationic collector The cationic collector dodecylamine has problems such as poor selectivity, complex preparation, and high foam viscosity. Strengthening the development of new cationic collectors is of great significance for improving the reverse flotation technology of cationic collectors in China. In recent years, Chinese scholars have been in this field. A certain amount of research results have been achieved. Zou Wenbo [14] used the Gemini-type cationic surfactant as a collector to carry out the floatability test on three kinds of single minerals of hematite, magnetite and quartz. The results show that the Gemini-type collector is in quartz-hematite. The separation index in the ore system is hematite recovery rate of 99.0% and quartz recovery rate of 0.3%; in the quartz-magnetite system, the separation index is magnetite recovery rate of 93.4% and quartz recovery rate of 8.3%. It is indicated that the Gemini type collector has good selectivity because it has high surface activity and is easy to adsorb on the surface of mineral particles, thereby improving the hydrophobicity of the mineral particles. Cao Yuchuan [15] synthesized a new cationic collector DHPA-3 at a ratio of DDA to HOB at a ratio of 1:1.4 at 60 °C. It has a strong ability to capture and choose. Good character and high foam brittleness. In the reverse flotation test of iron concentrate in a selected plant, DHPA-3 was used as the collector, and the iron concentrate with 62.60% iron grade and 53.87% recovery was obtained by one flotation. Compared to dodecylamine, DHPA-3 has a slightly weaker capture performance, but DHPA-3 selectivity is better than dodecylamine compared to tailings yield. Zhu Yimin [16] and other research and development of a new low temperature cationic collector DBA-2, to overcome the energy consumption caused by the heating of the slurry during the iron ore reverse flotation process. The results of DBA-2's collection of quartz showed that a good recovery of 98.0% was obtained by flotation of -0.038 mm pure quartz at a dosage of 197.5 mg/L. Zhu Yimin [17] also developed a new type of cationic collector DBA-1. Compared with DBA-2, DBA-1 collector has better recovery effect on quartz pure minerals of 0.038 ~ 0.074 mm size. When the amount of DBA-1 was 75 mg/L, the recovery rate of quartz pure mineral flotation was 97.3%. Zhu Yimin [18] and other research and development of the new normal temperature cation collector DYP has the advantages of fast defoaming, high selectivity, low synthesis cost, relatively simple pharmaceutical system, etc. In the artificial mixed ore flotation, the quartz recovery rate is over 97.0%. Magnetite and hematite are basically not floating. By analyzing the collection mechanism of DYP on quartz, it is found that the collection of quartz by DYP is mainly based on the adsorption of hydrogen bonds, supplemented by electrostatic adsorption. On this basis, Yang Yanping [19] used DYP to carry out reverse flotation test on the mixed magnetic separation concentrate of Donganshan Sintering Plant. The results show that iron can be finally obtained under the conditions of slurry temperature of 25 °C and DYP dosage of 180 g/t. A good indicator of concentrate grade 60.52% and recovery rate of 73.17%. Aiming at the iron pit limonite of Jiangxi Xinyu Iron and Steel Company, Xu Baihui [20] proposed a reverse flotation process of limonite with cocoamine as a cationic collector. Under the optimal pharmaceutical system, a good index of 39.56% iron concentrate yield, 57.05% iron grade and 60.78% recovery rate was obtained, which successfully solved the fine grain size and muddy water content of the limonite in this area. Poor dressing problems caused by poor selection. In the limonite flotation, cocoamine is a cation collector that works well. Lei Zhe [21] synthesized a new type of cationic collector M-201 with sodium silicate, epichlorohydrin and trimethylamine hydrochloride. It was found in comparison with dodecylamine and etheramine. M-201 flotation index is slightly higher than dodecylamine and etheramine. It has higher harvesting ability, good low temperature resistance, high foam brittleness and fast defoaming. It has great advantages for subsequent foam products and solves the traditional cationic floatation. The problem of high viscosity of the selected foam is selected. The anti-flotation test of an iron ore in Jiuquan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. with M-201 as the collector showed that the iron concentrate grade was 56.58% and the recovery rate was 70.26% under the condition of M-201 dosage of 700 g/t. Good indicator. The synthesis of dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether by Liu An and Fan Minqiang [22] is stronger than that of dodecylamine and dodecyl etheramine, and the dosage is less, and the sorting index is better. Wang Yuhua [23] et al. explored the application of quaternary ammonium salt combination collector in de-siliconization of iron minerals by reverse flotation, using dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and dodecyldimethylethyl Ammonium chloride is used as a combined collector in a mass ratio of 2:1 (CS-22). The results show that the quaternary ammonium collector has better trapping and selectivity than the dodecylamine hydrochloride. Foreign studies on iron ore anti-flotation collectors have focused on cation collectors such as etheramines, and there are few studies in this area in China. Brazil RMFLima [24-25] and so on to distinguish between amine cation and acetate anion spectrum, systematically studied the infrared spectrum of decyl etheramine molecule and its acetate or hydrochloride. Yugoslavia. Sekulic et al. [26] discussed the collection performance of various collectors on an impurity-containing quartz ore. The results show that the collector Aero 3030c is better than the R-825 and Armac C combination collectors. The flotation effect, the recovery rate of concentrate quartz can be increased by 0.25 percentage points. In the process of anti-flotation of iron ore by amine collectors, the cost of such agents is the main cost of flotation. 1.2 Anionic collector Due to the difference in density between iron minerals and quartz, it is difficult for anion collectors to float iron ore to achieve the desired flotation index. The advantage of the anion collector reverse flotation quartz process is that the synergistic effect of the agent is strong, the selectivity is good, the recovery rate is high, and the adaptability to the ore property change is strong, which plays an important role in improving the iron recovery rate and reducing the tailing grade, but also There are drawbacks such as high energy consumption and high amount of activator. Xiao Guoguang [27] used the anion collector RFe-561 to conduct reverse flotation research on Yuanjiacun iron ore. 1 The crude 1 fine 3 sweeping closed circuit test can obtain a good index of 66.25% iron concentrate grade and a recovery rate of 96.45%. Comparing RFe-561 with the use of on-site pharmaceuticals in Jidong Iron Mine, RFe-561 can increase the concentrate yield by 1.32 percentage points, the recovery rate by 1.2 percentage points, and the tailings iron content by 1.12 percentage points. Zhu Yimin [28] et al. used the newly developed anion collector DL-1 from Northeastern University to align the mixed magnetic concentrate of Dashan Iron Ore Concentrator in a 1st coarse-sweeping, medium-mineral sequence returning closed-circuit process reverse flotation test. The research shows that: normal temperature Under quartz, a small amount of Ca2+ is activated, and then an appropriate amount of DL-1 is added for reverse flotation to obtain a good index of iron concentrate grade of 65.38% and iron recovery of 89.56%. Under the condition of pH=11.50 and no Ca2+ activation, DL-1 and quartz have various forms of adsorption such as physical adsorption, hydrogen bond adsorption and chemical adsorption. The use of DL-1 reduces the amount of activator and thus the cost of beneficiation. Zhu Yimin [29] developed a new type of anionic collector DZN-1 to align the mixed magnetic concentrate of Dashan Concentrator for reverse flotation test. The results show that the condition of slurry temperature is 25 °C and DZN-1 is 800 g/t. Under the conditions, the flotation index of 65.38% iron concentrate grade and 89.56% recovery rate can be obtained, indicating that DZN-1 has good low temperature resistance. Tang Xuefeng [30] conducted a temperature adaptability test on the new low temperature anion collector CY-12#. The results showed that the iron concentrate grade was 69.86% and the iron recovery rate was obtained at the pulp temperature of 15 °C and the best pharmaceutical system. 98.62%, a good indicator of SiO2 content of only 2.87%. Compared with the flotation index obtained at 30 °C, the iron concentrate grade decreased by 0.27 percentage points, but the iron recovery rate increased by 0.44 percentage points, which improved the resource utilization rate. Luo Huihua [31] synthesized a new anionic collector YRA-5 with cotton oleic acid as raw material. The addition of an appropriate amount of surfactant in the synthesis process enhanced the activity of the collector. At the slurry temperature of 17 °C, the second-stage strong magnetic tailings of Lilou Iron Mine was subjected to a reverse-flotation test of 1 coarse and 1 fine 2 sweeping process, and a good index of 65.91% iron grade and 91.61% recovery rate was obtained, indicating YRA- 5 selectivity and low temperature resistance is good. Keith Quest [32] used a C6-C18 saturated fatty acid to conduct a flotation test on magnetite. The results show that with the increase of carbon chain in saturated fatty acids, the harvesting effect is more and more obvious, but the increase of fatty acid carbon chain length will lead to Lowering the solubility, so that the flotation efficiency is reduced, so hematite flotation is most effective with tetradecylamine. 2 adjuster 2.1 Dispersant For the flotation of certain complex refractory iron ore deposits, the main role of the dispersant is to prevent the agglomeration of mineral particles and mitigate the interactive effects between different minerals, thereby increasing the flotation index. The carbonate-containing iron ore is complex in structure, has serious interaction effects on minerals, and has low beneficiation efficiency. Lu Weiwei [33] conducted a 1 coarse 1 fine flotation test on the Donganshan carbonate-bearing ore with flotation using the organic dispersant NM-3 (which can keep the mineral particles in a stable and uniform dispersion state). The results show that: An iron concentrate with an iron grade of 62.32% and a recovery of 42.57% was obtained under the condition of NG-3 dosage of 200 g/t. Compared with the previous 1 coarse 2 fine 3 sweeping flotation process with YJ as dispersant, the use of NM-3 simplifies the beneficiation process and improves the utilization rate of the mine. Luo Ximei [34] explored the effect of inorganic dispersant water glass on the reverse flotation of a refractory iron ore magnetic separation concentrate in Anshan. It was found that water glass can adsorb on the surface of iron mineral particles and enhance the electrostatic repulsion between particles. To disperse fine particles. Through the closed circuit of 1 coarse 2 fine 2 sweep and medium mine return, a good index of 66.26% iron concentrate grade and 70.23% recovery rate was obtained. 2.2 Flocculant The flocculant flocculates the fine-grained mineral particles into a mass by bridging to improve the sedimentation effect. When the iron ore inlay is fine in size, it must be finely ground before it is effectively sorted. When the fine ore particles are concentrated and dehydrated, there are often problems such as slow sedimentation and long filtration time. By adding a flocculant to the slurry, it can accelerate the concentration of fine concentrate and prevent its loss. In recent years, flocculation flotation has been gradually applied to the flotation of fine-grained hematite. Firstly, the dispersing agent is added to the pulp to make the ore particles highly dispersed, and then the iron minerals are selectively flocculated with high-molecular flocculant, flocculated into agglomerates, settled, and then the suspended slime is removed, and finally the flocculated iron ore is separated by reverse flotation. [35]. With the development of industrial development and environmental protection, polymer flocculants have become increasingly prominent in flocculation and flotation. Commonly used flocculants mainly include starch, polyacrylamide and humate. Chen Yuqi [36] studied the effects of various flocculants on the sedimentation behavior of a hematite concentrate in Brazil. Through the effect of pH on the flocculation sedimentation effect, it was found that the sedimentation effects of polyacrylamide flocculants M216 and M110 under alkaline conditions. Obviously, the sedimentation rate is the fastest when pH=10; the sodium polyacrylate flocculant has the fastest sedimentation rate at pH=4. Through the effect of temperature on the flocculation sedimentation effect, it is found that the sedimentation effect of M110, M216 and S20 is obvious when the temperature is 25 °C; the sedimentation effect of Y2 is obvious when the temperature is 15 °C; the sedimentation effect of temperature change on M213 The effect is not large; in the test of the influence of the mixing degree on the flocculation sedimentation effect, M216, M110, M213, M002 can be fully mixed after the settling bottle is turned over several times, and the sedimentation rate reaches the maximum. Kalle Kemppainen [37] conducted a comparison test on the flocculation effect of cellulose dicarboxylate (DCC) and sulfonated cellulose (ADAC) in hematite-quartz system. The results showed that DCC and ADAC were within pH=5~10. Does not flocculate quartz, but can effectively flocculate hematite; DCC has a significant flocculation effect at pH=8~9, while ADAC adapts to a wide pH range; DCC can effectively flocculate hematite in a short time and vigorous agitation, while ADAC To achieve the same flocculation effect, a longer flocculation time and a lower agitation intensity are required. 2.3 Activator The activator activates by adsorbing and covering the surface of the mineral, thereby enhancing the adsorption of the collector on the mineral surface, which is beneficial to the collector. In the anti-flotation iron mineral of anion collector, quartz is difficult to float with sulfonic acid and fatty acid. However, after the metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pb2+ are adsorbed on the quartz surface, activation can be achieved by using these ion-adsorbing collectors. Easy to collect. The use of activators is more common in the selection of domestic pyrite. Pyrite often coexists with sulfide minerals such as lead, copper and zinc, and pyrite flotation is inhibited when separating other useful minerals [38], which brings certain difficulties for sorting operations. Huang Hongjun [39] developed a new pyrite recovery technology using ferrous sulfate and oxalic acid as activators by studying pyrite activation flotation. The combined activator can improve the floatability of the pyrite by reducing the pH of the slurry, preventing the formation of hydrophilic substances on the surface of the pyrite, and complexing with Ca2+ in the slurry. The technology has been industrially applied in the Dongguashan copper ore dressing plant. The industrial test results show that after the application of the technology, the recovery rate of sulfur concentrate is increased by 50%, and the recovery rate of iron concentrate is increased by 30%, which brings huge to the concentrator. Economy Profit. A high-sulfur iron powder purchased from a concentrator in Xuzhou caused the final iron concentrate to exceed the standard, and Liao Ruihu and others used the new activator MHH-1 developed by Maanshan Mine Research Institute to activate the pyrrhotite. The flotation test successfully reduced the sulfur content in the iron concentrate to 0.29%, and finally obtained a good index of 68% iron concentrate grade and 85.98% iron recovery rate [40-41]. 2.4 inhibitor Inhibitors increase the wettability of a mineral and make it in good contact with the aqueous solution, thereby reducing the chance of contact bubbles during mineral flotation. Cationic collectors, with starch, amylose, amylopectin and maltose, glucose as inhibitors, can inhibit hematite during flotation of quartz. Maltose and glucose have better inhibitory effect on hematite at higher concentrations (above 1 000 mg/L). Starch inhibitors can also inhibit hematite at low concentrations without affecting the floatability of quartz. The inhibitory effect of starch and its derivatives on magnetite is related to the relative molecular mass of the compound. The greater the relative molecular mass, the more obvious the inhibition effect [42-43]. The Anshan Iron and Steel Research Institute [44] used modified carboxymethyl corn starch instead of corn starch as an inhibitor of iron minerals in the continuous grinding-weak magnetic separation-strong magnetic separation-anion reverse flotation process of the Tuanjuntai Concentrator. Under the same conditions of beneficiation, the amount of modified starch used as inhibitor starch can be reduced by half compared with the direct use of natural starch. Liu Ruohua [45] explored the inhibitory effect of different modified starches on hematite. The results showed that at pH=10~12.5, the inhibition effect of causticized corn starch on hematite was better than that of ordinary starch, and the inhibition of quartz was not Obviously, it is more conducive to the reverse flotation of hematite. When flotation of hawed hematite, starch inhibitors often have problems such as complex preparation, high energy consumption, and poor inhibition of fine particles. Ouyang Guangzun [46] used dextrin as iron ore inhibitor to carry out reverse flotation test on magnetized roasting-magnetic iron ore concentrate, and obtained good index of iron concentrate grade 64.12% and iron recovery rate 89.15%. When the pulp pH=6～9, the dextrin neutralizes the Fe2+ or Fe3+ exposed on the mineral surface, or forms a chelate of iron, which causes the surface ionized ion concentration to change greatly, thus increasing the iron mineral. Inhibition. 3 Conclusion (1) The application of cationic reverse flotation process in the production of domestic iron ore mines is rare. The main reason is that the foam of the cationic agent flotation product is sticky, which is not conducive to continuous industrial production. At this stage, domestic iron ore flotation mainly adopts an anion reverse flotation process. The advantage is that the obtained concentrate has a higher grade, and the disadvantage is that the slurry needs to be heated and the amount of activator is large. (2) Further research on the selectivity and low temperature resistance of iron ore collectors. According to the characteristics of different deposits, the development of special medicinal agents, under the premise of ensuring the capture power of the pharmacy, strengthen the selective research to achieve one or one drug or one mineral, so as to greatly improve the quality and recovery rate of iron concentrate; The development of low-temperature collectors is beneficial to overcome the energy consumption caused by the heating of the slurry, thereby reducing industrial costs and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. (3) Efficient use of fine-grained iron ore, super-poor iron ore and multi-metal associated minerals has become a new challenge in China's iron selection, which requires the development of new agents such as dispersants, flocculants and sludge-resistant agents. On this basis, we should continue to strengthen the research on complex refractory iron ore flotation technology, improve the ore dressing efficiency of China's iron ore, and at the same time formulate a reasonable beneficiation process, which is of great significance for guiding the practice of mineral processing industry. Two-piece slackline is fully adjustable and easily installed between trees or other sturdy anchor points. Slackline Kit,Ninja Slackline Kit,Slackline Kits Baseline,Slack Rope,Slack Lines WINNERLIFTING SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. , https://www.cargostrapfactory.com
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