Evaluation of Soil Fertility of Black Soil in Songnen Plain by Soil Nutrient Tester

Soil fertility considers soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other factors in a broad sense. With the development of soil science, the understanding of soil fertility is also continuously improved, and the comprehensive consideration of the soil itself is gradually taken into account. The star history of the soil and the environment in which it is located have been fully positioned. The fertility of the soil is affected by the ecological environment. Changes in the farmland ecological environment also directly affect the exertion of soil fertility. The black soil farmland is located in the marginal zone of the fragile zone of China's agricultural ecosystem. The agricultural infrastructure is weak, and the ability to resist natural disasters is poor. The soil and water loss in the region is serious and sensitive to the environment. In order to make the application of black soil fertility more perfect, it was measured and analyzed using a soil nutrient tester.

Songnen Plain is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province. It is mainly formed by the alluvial Songhua River and Nenjiang River. The entire plain is slightly diamond-shaped, accounting for more than 1/3 of the province's area, of which 5.59 million hm2 of arable land. Fertile soil, black soil, chernozem accounted for more than 60%. The soil in the black soil area of ​​the Songnen Plain is rich in soil nutrients, which ensures water conservation and fertility, and is suitable for the growth of a variety of crops. It is a major agricultural soil resource and a national important commodity grain base. The main crops are soybeans and corn. 660 soil samples of farmland (0-20 cm) were collected in the black soil region of the Songnen Plain using GPS positioning, and 10-15 points were collected for each sample of the “S” type, and were fully mixed and then retained by 4 points; with soybeans, The main cornfield. The soil samples were brought back to the laboratory for natural air drying and assayed using conventional methods of soil nutrient testing.

Through the measurement and analysis of the soil nutrient tester, the soil fertility levels in the black soil region of the Songnen Plain are high in the east, low in the west, high in the north and low in the south, showing a clear strip distribution characteristic, from the southwest to the northeast soil. The level of fertility is gradually increasing. The spatial distribution characteristics of the soil fertility are relatively small for the study area, and the results of relatively few evaluation indicators selected are consistent. The lowest comprehensive evaluation index of soil fertility is 0.57. Although the soil fertility level is relatively low in this study area, the soil nutrient content is still at a relatively high level compared with other regions, and has relatively high soil fertility. The overall fertility level in the Songnen Plain is relatively high and will not substantially hinder agricultural production. However, Qinggang County, Mingshui County, Lanxi County, and Shuangcheng City in the southwest should pay attention to fertilization, control the amount of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides, and control soil erosion. And wind erosion, to protect the sustainability of farmland ecosystems and agricultural production.

The soil nutrient tester analyzed the comprehensive index of farmland soil fertility in the Songnen Plain and found that it is generally between 57 and 0.84. Although the overall fertility level is high, it will not hinder agricultural production, but it is also necessary to pay attention to fertilization and control. The amount of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides used to control soil erosion and wind erosion contribute to the protection of farmland ecosystems and the sustainability of agricultural production.

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